These are based on
http://www.carbontrust.co.uk/resource/conversion_factors/default.htm| Grid Electricity | 0.119 kg/Mj |
| Natural Gas | 0.052 kg/Mj |
| Gas/ Diesel Oil | 0.069 kg/Mj |
| Petrol | 0.067kg/Mj |
| Heavy Fuel Oil | 0.072 kg/Mj |
| Coal | 0.083 kg/Mj |
| LPG | 0.059 kg/Mj |
| Coking Coal | 0.083 kg/Mj |
| Jet Kerosene | 0.067 kg/Mj |
| Ethane | 0.056 kg/Mj |
| Naptha | 0.072kg/Mj |
| Petroleum Coke | 0.094 kg/Mj |
| Refinery Gas | 0.056 kg/Mj |
|
EnergyFromBiomassSource:
http://bioenergy.ornl.gov/papers/misc/energy_conv.htmlBiomass energy
* Cord: a stack of wood comprising 128 cubic feet (3.62 m3); standard dimensions are 4 x 4 x 8 feet, including air space and bark. One cord is 1089 kg
o 1.0 metric tonne wood = 1.4 cubic meters (solid wood, not stacked)
o Energy content of wood fuel (HHV, bone dry) = 18-22 GJ/t
o Energy content of wood fuel (air dry, 20% moisture) = about 15 GJ/t
* Energy content of agricultural residues (range due to moisture content) = 10-17 GJ/t
* Metric tonne charcoal = 30 GJ (but usually derived from 6-12 t air-dry wood, i.e. 90-180 GJ original energy content)
* Metric tonne ethanol = 7.94 petroleum barrels = 1262 liters
o ethanol energy content (LHV) = 26.7 GJ/t = 21.1 MJ/liter. HHV for ethanol = 23.4 MJ/liter
o ethanol density (average) = 0.79 g/ml ( = metric tonnes/m3)
* Metric tonne biodiesel = 37.8 GJ (33.3 - 35.7 MJ/liter)
o biodiesel density (average) = 0.88 g/ml ( = metric tonnes/m3)
Fossil fuels
* Barrel of oil equivalent (boe) = approx. 6.1 GJ , equivalent to 1,700 kWh. 7.2 barrels oil are equivalent to one tonne of oil (metric) = 42-45 GJ.
* Gasoline:LHV= 32 MJ/liter. HHV =35 MJ/liter
o Metric tonne gasoline = 8.53 barrels = 1356 liter = 43.5 GJ/t (LHV); 47.3 GJ/t (HHV)
o gasoline density (average) = 0.73 g/ml ( = metric tonnes/m3)
* Petro-diesel = 36.4 MJ/liter or 42.8 GJ/t
o petro-diesel density (average) = 0.84
* Note that the energy content (heating value) of petroleum products per unit mass is fairly constant, but their density differs significantly
* Metric tonne coal = 27-30 GJ (bituminous/anthracite); 15-19 GJ (lignite/sub-bituminous)
o Note that the energy content (heating value) per unit mass varies greatly between different "ranks" of coal.
"Typical" coal (rank not specified) usually means bituminous coal, the most common fuel for power plants (27 GJ/t).
* Natural gas: HHV = 38.3 MJ/m3; LHV = 34.6 MJ/m3
Carbon content of fossil fuels and bioenergy feedstocks
* coal (average) = 25.4 metric tonnes carbon per terajoule (TJ)
o 1.0 metric tonne coal = 746 kg carbon
* oil (average) = 19.9 metric tonnes carbon / TJ
* natural gas (methane) = 14.4 metric tonnes carbon / TJ
* 1.0 cubic meter natural gas (methane) = 0.49 kg carbon
* carbon content of bioenergy feedstocks: approx. 50% for woody crops or wood waste; approx. 45% for graminaceous (grass) crops or agricultural residues
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